Generation of Arabidopsis lines with a red fluorescent marker for endoplasmic reticulum using a tail-anchored protein cytochrome b 5 -B
by Angelica
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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelles that perform multiple cellular activities in eukaryotes. ER visualize using fluorescent protein is a powerful method to analyze the dynamics and understanding its function. However, the second red fluorescent protein with N-terminal signal peptide (SP) and ER retention of the C-terminal tetrapeptide (HDEL) often cause mislocalization into the vacuole or the extracellular space when they are constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis.
To obtain red fluorescent markers ER, we chose Arabidopsis cytochrome b5 -B (CB5-B), a (TA) proteins tails anchored in the ER membrane. localization is determined by the transmembrane domain (TMD) and the tail domain at the C-terminus. We fused tail domain TMD and CB5-B to the C-terminus of the red fluorescent protein, tdTomato (tdTomato-CTT).
When tdTomato-CTT was under the constitutive promoter ubiquitin10 in Arabidopsis, a fluorescent signal is detected exclusively in the ER by means of ER marker SP-GFP-HDEL reliable. Therefore, tdTomato-CTT can accurately visualize ER in Arabidopsis line stable. In addition, while tests show that tdTomato-CTT also be used as an ER marker in onions, rice, and Nicotiana benthamiana. We believe that the TA protein could be used to produce a variety of membrane markers organellar in plants.
Generation of Arabidopsis lines with a red fluorescent marker for endoplasmic reticulum using a tail-anchored protein cytochrome b 5 -B
Supramolecular Small Encapsulation-Ultra Red Fluorescent Protein in Virus-Like Nanoparticles for Non-Invasive In Vivo Imaging Agents.
icosahedral virus-like particle (VLP) derived from bacteriophage Qβ and PP7 encapsulating ultra small red fluorescent protein (smURFP) is manufactured using a versatile supramolecualr capsid-dissassemble approach regroup. VLP produced neon displays structural properties identical to the non-fluorescent analog them.
Encapsulated smURFP show photochemical properties distinguished by its unencapsulated colleagues, showed remarkable stability against pH, and produce bright images following in vitro phagocytosis by macrophages. In vivo imaging allows biodistribution to be imaged at the points at different times. Ex vivo imaging of intravenous packed smURFP reveleas localization in the liver and kidneys after 2 hours of blood circulation and the elimination of substantial construction as a non-invasive in vivo imaging agents.
Genetically encoded Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based biosensor is a powerful tool to illuminate the spatiotemporal regulation of cell signaling in living cells, but the utility of the red spectrum for biosensing limited due to the lack of light and stable red fluorescent protein. Here, we are rational increase photophysical characteristics of coral-derived fluorescent protein TagRFP-T. We showed that the mutant residue new, super-TagRFP (stagRFP) has almost twice the brightness of molecules TagRFP-T and photoactivation ignored. stagRFP facilitate significant improvements on a few green-red biosensor as FRET acceptor and a donor efficient fret that supports the red / far-red fret biosensing.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Rainbow Fluorescent Particlesare calibration particles that help you to determine if a flow cytometer is properly aligned and has a clean flow cell with no fluidic blockage. Using SPHERO? Alignment Particles, the coefficients of variation (CVs), peak channels, and histogram distributions can be measured to determine the alignment and functionality of the flow cytometer.
Description: Please reffer to the technical data sheet for more detail information for this item. Our dedicated team would be happy to assist you via live chat, email or phone.
Description: Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). T-cell activation is generally self-limited as activated T cells express receptors such as PD-1 (also known as PDCD-1) that mediate inhibitory signals from the APC. PD-1 can bind two different but related ligands, PDL-1 and PDL-2. Upon binding to either of these ligands, signals generated by PD-1 inhibit the activation of the immune response in the absence of "danger signals" such as LPS or other molecules associated with bacteria or other pathogens. Evidence for this is seen in PD-1-null mice who exhibit hyperactivated immune systems and autoimmune diseases. PD-1 is thus one of a growing number of immune checkpoint proteins.ProSci's Risk-FreeTM antibodies are mouse monoclonal antibodies made to improve in vivo studies. Unlike antibodies developed using proteins made in yeast or bacteria, Risk-FreeTM antibodies are developed with antigens expressed in mammalian cell lines, giving the most native post-translational modifications to the protein. Validated for flow cytometry and ELISA Rigorously tested for the following applications: Immunoblot Immunohistochemistry Immunocytochemistry Immunofluorescence Multiple antibodies per target allowing the user to choose the best antibody for their application Available individually or as a set Risk-FreeTM means they are guaranteed to work for their approved applications
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Utilizing stagRFP ability to partner with some fret partners, we developed a new multiplex method to check the meeting of the three kinase signaling activities simultaneously in a single living cell, providing evidence for the role of Src family kinases in regulating growth factor-induced Akt and ERK activity.
